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The Hiv And Aids Disease Is A Major Worldwide Ongoing Health

The HIV and AIDS disease is a major worldwide ongoing health epidemic. Which affects millions of people of all ages each year. HIV or the Human Immunodifency Virus has been speculated to have come from chimpanzees due to the similarities of the SIV virus found in the animal. SIV or the Simian Immunodeficiency virus is a virus that attacks the immune system of monkeys and apes. While HIV attacks the immune system of humans. The region of origin of the virus is the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is where chimpanzees were being hunted and eaten by the people living in the area (HIV†¦). After thorough research of the connection between SIV and HIV, it has been confirmed that a strain of the SIV in a chimpanzee is almost identical to†¦show more content†¦According to Advert, significant progress in the last decade and increased national response have stemmed the epidemic across the country as well as increasing the quality of life for people living with HIV. The HIV epidemic in China is classified as having a low national prevalence with certain regions having higher and more severe HIV prevalence rates. The country faces challenges of providing more targeted prevention programs to certain risk groups such as drug users and the younger population. Even with the increase of awareness of HIV, China still faces challenges with slow progression of treatment, care, and support. According to Advert, in 2014 about 21 thousand people in China have died from AIDS-related causes. Also people living with HIV experience high levels of discrimination. China’s HIV and AIDS epidemic has mainly affected the drug users in the country due to sharing infected needles but now the increase of sexual transmission of HIV causes great concern for China. The main target of sexual transmission is women. The women in China are at a higher risk than men because they are more vulnerable due to lack of education or have no access to treatment centers. Since China is a heavily populated country, the virus is likely to spread at a faster rate. Migration, sex work, and the education deficit are some social factors of Chinese women’s vulnerability (Thompson). Social changes in China haveShow MoreRelatedTuberculosis : A Global Epidemic1300 Words   |  6 Pagestuberculosis has been a notifiable disease since the 1990s, the impact of the disease has been underestimated due to lack of data on incidence and financial burden of the illness. Trends in recent years indicate that tuberculosis incidence rates have not only stabilized but decli ned steadily which indeed is phenomenal progress. But while progress is being made one should not forget the fact that tuberculosis still is the leading cause of death worldwide among HIV/AIDS infected individuals and also accountsRead MoreThe Issues of Breast Cancer in Nigeria Essay1552 Words   |  7 Pagesagainst breast cancer as she recommends all women do the same. 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The principle of harm reduction suggests that providing access to sterile supplies for injection of drugs, if the userRead MorePrevention Strategies of Communicable Diseases2781 Words   |  12 PagesPrevention Strategies of Communicable diseases Methods of Control Communicable diseases occur only when the causative agent comes into contact with a susceptible host in a suitable environment. Prevention and control efforts for communicable diseases may be directed to any of these three elements. Communicable diseases affect both individuals and communities, so control efforts may be directed at both. Treatment of persons with communicable diseases with antibiotics typically kills the agent andRead MoreHiv / Aids Exploded Into The Public Conscience2036 Words   |  9 PagesHIV/AIDS exploded into the public conscience in the early 1980 s. Many of the earliest cases were reported in the media as being the result of homosexual sex practices. In 1983, an AIDS Hotline was published by the United States CDC disseminating information regarding the disease and it was reported that cases were discovered in female patients who had sexual contact with men with AIDS. By September of that year the government had published the known routes of transmission of this new virusRead MoreThe World Health Organization Of The United Nations1569 Words   |  7 PagesThe World Health Organization (WHO) is one of the leading organization’s in the world, that devotes it’s time improving the health of individual’s all around the world. This public organization is an affiliate of the United Nations (UN) with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. Likewise, it’s the coordinating and directing authority for health matters within the systems of the United Nations. The WHO is responsible for the provision of health matters across the globe, shaping the health researchRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus : Biology, Epidemiology, And Pathogenesis3000 Words   |  12 PagesPathogenesis Only a few diseases in modern history have been so devastating and impose a direct global public health threat to be referred to as â€Å"The modern plague† [1, 2]. The Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is considered to be the causative agent of one of the deadliest pandemics our generation have witnessed collecting over 30 million lives worldwide since the 1980s [3], with 3.4 million children under the age of 15 living with the virus as of 2012 [4]. In 1983, HIV has been linked to the acquired

Public Relations in Enterprise Strategy †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Public Relations in Enterprise Strategy. Answer: Introduction The report talks about the sustainability development approaches are followed by the company. BHP Billiton has been selected for the report. The report presents the key features and techniques used by the company. The strategies planned by the company are made with the help of stakeholders and other professionals. The report presents the example of sustainability development by explaining about the BHP Billiton. BHP Billiton is a leading global resource mining company. It was founded in 1885 and it has seen many ups and downs in the last past years. The company is expanding and flourishing its business day by day. The company serves the products worldwide. The Company is dealing in iron ore, coal, petroleum, copper, natural gas, nickel amp;uranium across the world. It is one of the biggest mining companies in Australia. The report talks about the way followed by the BHP Billiton to make sustainable development with the help of stakeholders and marketers. The report describes the soci al and environmental risk that the company goes through while making decisions to sustain in future. The report explains the design management criterion that is adopted by company for growth and success. Everything is planned keeping in mind to achieve a common goal. Overall, the report majorly focuses on sustainability development. It explains that how the company is maintaining transparency and accountability in the firm. The ethical engagement and corporation play a vital role in BHP Billiton. To develop ethical engagement the company must communicate with the stakeholders. They help in making decisions at every level. To develop the engagement the company adopts new approach and strategy. The main aim of the company is to engage deeply in the business activities and operations with other companies for its growth and success. The Company engages with large stakeholder to expand their business on a large scale. They follow this strategy in order to meet the long term goals and objectives (Linnenluecke, Meath, Rekker, Sidhu Smith, 2015). The Company engages with the stakeholders in many different ways. The company shares all the information with stakeholders which is related with business. Further, many activities are conducted in the business by the employees. This allows the company to find solutions to major problems and obstacles. The Company cooperates with those companies who have highly experie nced stakeholders. This develops the relations with the other companies in competition. They contribute to the society by engaging with the important issues (Mayes, Pini McDonald, 2013). Accountability and transparency in BHP Billiton BHP Billiton Company is flourishing its business since its existence in the market. The company is aware about the needs, expectations and requirements of its clients. This makes easy for the company to be accountable to its clients issues. The company is easily answerable to the clients. This helps them to satisfy the demands of the clients. The company is making effective strategy to make their clients happy (Woodside, Camacho Lai, 2013). The firm maintains good relations with clients. In this way, the firm can easily resolve the problems. The BHP Billiton is able to meet the requirements of the clients it develops and build strong relationship with them. This creates transparency and accountability between the company and clients. The clients are aware about everything that the firm is doing. They know the strategy that the company follows to meet growth and success in the market. The main objective of the company is to sell its products across the world. Through this transparenc y, the company maintains a report in which they write the working of the company that what they do, how they do, why they do in the working. This provides clear information of organizations functioning. Any member of the firm can see the report in order to get the idea about the company (Pellegrino Lodhia, 2012). Their contribution to the society is by ensuring the health and safety of the employee. They are able to meet with this risk by maintaining a report of the employees working in the firm. It is a challenge for the company to meet the demands of the society. The role of society is a very important thing for them. It provides them the license to operate. So it becomes very challenging for them to satisfy the demands of the society. The society has the power to make the company grow as well fall in the market. This creates the issue of societal risk. The Society shares the success of the business (Prno Slocombe, 2012). The strategies planned by the company to meet the demands of the environment are very effective and impactful. The company diversifies its resources to make the establishment easy in the future. To ensure that the decisions made are correct and relevant to the environment it presents it in front of corporate, contractors, suppliers, employees, etc (Epstein Buhovac, 2014) . They work together to make the necessary changes to sustain and growth in the future. The change in the trends becomes a challenge for the company. They have to make changes in their manufacturing process as the trend changes. They do every possible thing to develop and build in the market and satisfy the societal needs. They maintain a good relationship with society which helps them in a sustainable future. They are flourishing and expanding its business in order to meet growth in the future. This made them use the natural resources effectively and is able to maintain its license to operate in the market (de Villiers Alexander, 2014). Key concepts and techniques of sustainability development in BHP Billiton The key areas have permitted the growth and success of the business. BHP Billiton makes the strategy in such a way that it has an impact on its sustainable development. Its growth depends on the various types of decisions made by the company to achieve the goals (Sun, Zhang Chen, 2013). Their concepts relates with the decisions made by the stakeholders and higher authorities in the firm. The techniques followed by the company shows a path to make future decisions. This makes the growth of the company strong in the market (Fonseca, McAllister Fitzpatrick,2014). The company before implementing the plans for sustainable development checks and analyzes the different area such as: It is a strategy followed by the company to keep expanding its business in the future also. They make decisions with the help of stakeholders which allow them to maintain its growth in the market. They include all the aspects of business environment including safety, security, policy and strategic planning. They design the product by discussing the opinions of all the members of the organization (Klettner, Clarke Boersma, 2014). Sustainable development for BHP is to ensure that business is running smoothly and leading towards benefits of the organization. The management follows the instruction of the authorities. This leads in forming good and effective strategies for the companys development (Robins, 2010). The sustainability report of BHP Billiton is presented in two aspects: A full repot about the web- based details and a report containing the information of the company in a summary. They have a sustainable development policy which states their objective of being the company of choice and creating a sustainable area for the employees, stakeholders and other members working in the organization. The sustainable approach of the company depends on its commitment, standards and positions. It focuses on the key elements made by the stakeholders of the company (Steyn Niemann, 2014). Conclusion The report is based on the governance and sustainability of BHP Billiton. The company uses the various strategies and approaches to gain the long term success and sustainability. The company plans according to the demands of the society or environment. They follow various techniques of functioning which resulted in companys growth since many years. The report tells the social and environmental risk that company faces while making decisions for sustain well in future. The ultimate aim of the company is to achieve the goal and make an image and position in the market. The company makes its ethical engagement and builds relationship with the stakeholders by cooperating with them. They follow a proper design management system to increase its profit and generate good outputs. References Brueckner, M., Durey, A., Mayes, R., Pforr, C. (2013). The mining boom and Western Australias changing landscape: Towards sustainability or business as usual?.Rural Society,22(2), 111-124. de Villiers, C., Alexander, D. (2014). The institutionalisation of corporate social responsibility reporting.The British Accounting Review,46(2), 198-212. Epstein, M. J., Buhovac, A. R. (2014).Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing and measuring corporate social, environmental, and economic impacts. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Erickson, T., Barrett, R., Merritt, D., Dixon, K. (Eds.). (2016).Pilbara seed atlas and field guide: plant restoration in Australia's arid northwest. CSIRO PUBLISHING. Fonseca, A., McAllister, M. L., Fitzpatrick, P. (2014). Sustainability reporting among mining corporations: a constructive critique of the GRI approach.Journal of Cleaner Production,84, 70-83. Klettner, A., Clarke, T., Boersma, M. (2014). The governance of corporate sustainability: Empirical insights into the development, leadership and implementation of responsible business strategy.Journal of Business Ethics,122(1), 145-165. Linnenluecke, M. K., Meath, C., Rekker, S., Sidhu, B. K., Smith, T. (2015). Divestment from fossil fuel companies: Confluence between policy and strategic viewpoints.Australian Journal of Management,40(3), 478-487. Lodhia, S., Martin, N. (2014). Corporate sustainability indicators: an Australian mining case study.Journal of cleaner production,84, 107-115. Mayes, R., Pini, B., McDonald, P. (2013). Corporate social responsibility and the parameters of dialogue with vulnerable others.Organization,20(6), 840-859. Pellegrino, C., Lodhia, S. (2012). Climate change accounting and the Australian mining industry: exploring the links between corporate disclosure and the generation of legitimacy.Journal of Cleaner Production,36, 68-82. Prno, J., Slocombe, D. S. (2012). Exploring the origins of social license to operatein the mining sector: Perspectives from governance and sustainability theories.Resources Policy,37(3), 346-357. Robins, F. (2010). Learning from corporate mistakes.Corporate Communications: An International Journal,15(2), 169-180. Steyn, B., Niemann, L. (2014). Strategic role of public relations in enterprise strategy, governance and sustainabilityA normative framework.Public Relations Review,40(2), 171-183. Sun, S. L., Zhang, Y., Chen, Z. (2013). The challenges of Chinese outward investment in developed countries: The case of CITIC Pacific's Sino Iron Project in Australia.Thunderbird International Business Review,55(3), 313-322. Woodside, A. G., Camacho, A. R., Lai, W. H. (2013). Guest Editorial: Sense Making, Dilemmas, and Solutions in Strategic Management.International Journal of Business and Economics,12(2), 91-95.

Rationalism vs Empiricism Using Descartes free essay sample

Q3:What are the main differences between rationalism and empiricism as approaches to knowledge? Explain the advantages and disadvantages of each, using Descartes (Second Meditation) as the example of a rationalist, and Hume or Locke as the example of an empiricist. In your view which approach better explains the common-sense knowledge of the world that we take for granted? Common-sense knowledge is information we know and understand unproblematically. It could be that a spider has six legs, your two times tables or that in answering a multiple choice test, it is a good idea to bring a rubber and fill in your answers in pencil. It is information gained from ordinary life. Epistemology is a philosophical term in reference to the nature and limitations of knowledge. It addresses firstly what is knowledge, secondly how is knowledge acquired and thirdly the limitations of knowledge. Rationalism and empiricism are two approaches which seek to provide answers to these questions (Cottingham, 1988). We will write a custom essay sample on Rationalism vs Empiricism Using Descartes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Empiricism perceives that the development of concepts and ideas are dependent on the senses (Markie, 2008). Alternatively rationalism ascertains that reasoning, intuition and deduction are the ultimate vehicles to acquiring knowledge, not sensory experience. These theories do not necessarily exist in opposition of each other, but can co-exist to describe how one views the acquisition of knowledge in different fields (Markie, 2008). Throughout this essay, I will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each view using Descartes’ ‘Second Meditation’ in contrast to Hume’s ‘Enquiry Concerning the Human Understanding’. I will then elaborate how the Empiricist perspective provides a better explanation to common sense knowledge of the world we live in. Rationalism Rationalism is a method in which the criterion of the truth is not sensory but intellectual and deductive. The rationalistic perspective survives on the assumption that firstly, there is a rational structure to the world and secondly, that people have the capacity to comprehend it. It utilises the deductive methods of logic to provide a model for all human knowledge and relies on intuition (Markie, 2008). This is not always the case, so this philosophy cannot be relied in all circumstances. Rationalism is founded on the thesis of Intuition/Deduction, thesis of Innate Knowledge or Innate Concept thesis separately or in some combination (Markie, 2008). The Intuition/Deduction thesis proposes that in a particular subject area, some information is known by intuition alone or that knowledge is gained by deduction from intuited propositions. Experiences are incapable of developing one’s knowledge but can catalyse thinking causing knowledge to progress from unconsciousness to consciousness (Cottingham, 1988). The Innate Knowledge thesis asserts that some knowledge is inherent within humanity like DNA, as part of our rational nature. The Innate Concept theory is based on the assertion that some of our concepts are not gained from experience (Markie, 2008). The rational nature organically possesses an individual’s concepts. Sense experiences might catalyse a process by which concepts are better understood but experience does not provide the concepts or determine the information they contain, rationality does (Markie, 2008). Other minor theories which are used less significantly to endorse Rationalism are the Indispensability of Reason Thesis and the Superiority of Reason Thesis. The Indispensability of Reason theorem states that we gain knowledge in a certain area when we utilise deduction and employ intuition. In reality they have ‘narrowly confined limits with no more creative power than compounding, transposing, augmenting or diminishing the materials provided by the senses’. If a person is without the capacity of one of the senses, they are devoid of the information provided by that sense and are incapable of understanding information attached to that sensation (Hume, 1975). Restoring that sense enables them to receive sensory input, enabling them to conceive the attached ideas. This proves the importance of the sensory experience and that without it understanding is impossible. Comparison In my opinion, Empiricism better explains the common-sense view of the world. This is because knowledge gained through rational thought however much you can understand it, is not engrained or integrated into your core beliefs to the same degree as that gained through tangible experience. Knowledge gained through experience is more strongly felt and can be considered to be superior to knowledge gained by reflection (Hume, 1975). Without an experience of the subject in focus, the information is detached and reflection cannot proceed to occur. Intuition and deduction, however relevant, are open to deception and can lead to inaccurate assumptions. People previously believed the earth was flat and the earth was the centre of the universe, as this â€Å"information† fit their current schemas. It made sense but lead to wrong conclusions as it lacked testing. It is through empirical observation that accurate insight was reached. Their rational thinking followed logical deduction and was believed to be correct due to their intuition, but even rational thinking can be fallible leading to wrong assumptions (Descartes, 1984). It is proven that when people possess strongly held beliefs, they perceive information in such a way to support their current understanding and deny opposing views, filtering out information that does not fit their current schemas like putting blinkers on a horse. Although they believe their thoughts to be rational, their powers of deduction are compromised and can be rationally wrong. This significantly limits their ability to gain knowledge (Descartes, 1984). Conclusion Rationalism and Empiricism are two distinctly different views relating to epistemology and the degree of input that the senses provide in the formation of knowledge.